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of depriving them of their integrity as peoples concerned and after agreement on just
distinct peoples, or of their cultural and fair compensation and, where possible,
values or ethnic identities; with the option of return.
(b) Any action which has the aim or effect
of dispossessing them of their lands, Article 11
territories or resources; 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to practise
(c) Any form of forced population transfer and revitalize their cultural traditions and
which has the aim or effect of violating customs. This includes the right to maintain,
or undermining any of their rights; protect and develop the past, present and
(d) Any form of forced assimilation or future manifestations of their cultures,
integration; such as archaeological and historical sites,
(e) Any form of propaganda designed artefacts, designs, ceremonies, technologies
to promote or incite racial or ethnic and visual and performing arts and literature.
discrimination directed against them. 2. States shall provide redress through effective
mechanisms, which may include restitution,
Article 9 developed in conjunction with indigenous
Indigenous peoples and individuals have the peoples, with respect to their cultural,
right to belong to an indigenous community or intellectual, religious and spiritual property
nation, in accordance with the traditions and taken without their free, prior and informed
customs of the community or nation concerned. consent or in violation of their laws,
No discrimination of any kind may arise from traditions and customs.
the exercise of such a right.
Article 12
Article 10 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to
Indigenous peoples shall not be forcibly manifest, practise, develop and teach their
removed from their lands or territories. No spiritual and religious traditions, customs
relocation shall take place without the free, and ceremonies; the right to maintain,
prior and informed consent of the indigenous protect, and have access in privacy to their
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