Page 8 - 臺灣原住民族法學期刊第一卷第一期

6 ၽᝄࡡИ͏ૄجኪg2016 ϋ 7 ˜gୋ 1 ՜ୋ 1 ಂ

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extra-nationality issue™fϤࣛdᖩ᙮ൡதʘج ஝֛d਷࢕Ꮠ͉׵˜εʩnʘၚग़™dڭღࡡИ͏
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৫d੻Աቇ຅ʘஹટΪ९dӔ֛Ꮠቇ͜ࡳɓࡈج ૄ઺ԃʘᛆл f̋ɪਿ͉جʘՉቱႾпૢ˖€˜Ա
ਹٙ᙮ɛ୦࿕جf͟׵࿁᙮ɛ׌ٙкᓙණʕίஹ ࡡИ͏จᗴ™€ୋ10ૢeୋ11ૢe˜ᏐయࠠࡡИ
ટΪ९dᏐቇ͜ʘ໊ٟאૄ໊جਹʘʫ࢙dԨʔ ͏ૄ፯኿™€ୋ23ૢe˜ᏐԱࡡИ͏ૄत׌™€ୋ
ࠢ׵Ԓʱ޴ᗫʘجܛdɰ̙ঐΪ໊ٟאૄ໊جਹ 24ૢd˸ʿྼତਿ͉ج౧ͪᛆлٙͭجနϣҁ
ʘ஝ᇍत׌dϾᓒ̂ЇৌପᛆഃՉ˼ӷٙʹ׸ᗫ ϓdᏐ̙પᓙίجՓɪd̨ᝄʊ຾݊ɓࡈ˜εʩ
ڷ஝ᇍɪf ˖ʷ˴່™ٙ਷࢕f
࿁׵ԟԬʊ຾ீཀૢߒᗫڷၾࡡИ͏ૄᆽͭ ί̡ج᜗ӻ˙ࠦdਿ͉جୋ30ૢո͵࿁Ꮠ஝
ᇞۨኮجࣛගٙ਷࢕ԸႭdуԴʔમ՟νɪਿආ ֛d˜ִ݁ஈଣࡡИ͏ૄԫਕeՓ֛جܛאྼ݄
ٙ˜૿ձجՓ™dʥ̙ᔟ̻͟Бቇ͜ࡡИ͏ૄʘ ̡جၾБ݁હ᏶೻ҏeʮᗇeሜ༆e΀൒אᗳЧ
୦࿕ج᜗ӻdԸྼତεʩ˖ʷ˴່fतй݊મ՟ ೻ҏdᏐయࠠࡡИ͏ૄʘૄႧeෂ୕୦ڳe˖ʷ
౷ஷجӻٙᑌԞ਷࢕dΪމ࿕׵ίή˙ʱᛆၾΪ ʿᄆ࠽ᝈdڭღՉΥجᛆूdࡡИ͏Ϟʔፚ਷Ⴇ
ϤϾ͛ʘψყא޲ყ஝ᇍʘላ߉ɨdቇ͜ʔΝج ٫dᏐ͟ஷወՉૄႧʘɛމෂᙇf€ɚִ݁މڭ
ਹٙ౷ஷجdࠦ࿁νʱᛆجਹʘ౷ஷجছٙࡡИ ღࡡИ͏ૄʘ̡جᛆूd੻ணໄࡡИ͏ૄج৫א
͏ෂ୕࿕୦dԨʔึ೯͛˄ɽٙѢᗭfՊۨٙቇ جࢬ™dʔཀۍ͊ࠅӋ̤ࠈאࡌҷجܛdࡏίྼ
ԷνॲГᚆɪൡج৫ίTakamore v. ClarkeࣩкӔ ̡݄جၾБ݁હ᏶೻ҏeʮᗇeሜ༆e΀൒אᗳ
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ʕ dуਗ਼ࡡИ͏ૄʘෂ୕࿕୦ൖމνߵ਷˜ή˙ Ч೻ҏࣛd˜యࠠࡡИ͏ૄʘૄႧeෂ୕୦ڳe
୦࿕€local custom™ছٙ౷ஷجdϾԱ౷ஷجʘ ˖ʷʿᄆ࠽ᝈdڭღՉΥجᛆू™fִ݁݊Ꮠ༈
፯جଣሞ஽Бቇ͜f຅್dуԴમ͜Ϥ၇˙جd ਿආᔷۨdࠠܔ˜جܛεʩ˴່™dᒔ݊ீཀ̡ج
ɰʔڌͪהϞࡡИ͏ૄʘෂ୕࿕୦ேึ஗וႩމ ྼስd஼နᆽͭࡡИ͏ૄ౷ஷجމɔ̙Զ̻Бቇ
౷ஷجfج৫̀඲ீཀᙕ׼ᛆʘБԴd஼ࣩᄲൖ ͜ʘ˜ૄ໊جਹ™kޟא̥݊୨௪ɓࣸdਗ਼ࡡИ
ܝӔ֛݊щਗ਼Չॶɝމቇ͜جfɦdމ̋஺ᔷۨ ͏ૄʘෂ୕࿕୦މ຅ϓ͏جᐼۆୋ1ૢה஝֛ʘ
່͍dɰϞٜટீཀࡌኮϾረၾ౷ஷج๕ήЗ ϣනЗ໾̂ج๕€˜جܛה͊஝֛٫Ա୦࿕™dу
ٙdቇԷνیڢʘ1996ϋኮجୋ39ືୋ3ධ€ග ʊၑᅰk
ટוႩج৫Ϟᛆ˸˜୦࿕ج€customary law™Ъ ίਿ͉جྼ݄Ҟ8ϋܝ€2012ϋ10˜d̡ج
މ൒кהԱኽʘجdၾୋ211ૢୋ3ධ€˜຅୦࿕ ৫˸৫̨ᝂ̡ɓοୋ1010028460໮Ռܸ֛əܼ̍
جމᏐቇ͜ʘجࣛdج৫̀඲Աኮجʿ΂Оމ༈ ࣹ෤ഃ9הή˙ج৫dІ2013ϋ1˜1˚ৎணໄ
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୦࿕جהՓࠈʘतйͭجϾ̋˸ቇ͜™f ˜ࡡИ͏ૄਖ਼ุجࢬ€ٰ™fՉܝԨӔ֛І2014
̨ᝄί2000ϋஷཀəኮجᄣࡌૢ˖ୋ10ૢ ϋ9˜3˚ৎdί̨ᝄ৷ഃج৫ʿՉʱ৫e3ה৷
ୋ10ධd஝֛˜਷࢕ٵ֛εʩ˖ʷdԨጐ฽ၪᚐ ഃБ݁ج৫d˸ʿᆔಳeږژeஹϪ˸̮ʘ΢
೯࢝ࡡИ͏ૄႧԊʿ˖ʷ™fމ݄Б༈ૢ˖Ͼ׵ ॴή˙ج৫ேணໄ˜ࡡИ͏ૄਖ਼ุجࢬ€ٰ™f
2005ϋՓ֛ʘࡡИ͏ૄਿ͉جdɰίୋ7ૢ׼˖ ̡ج৫ॕࣣڗίᘪணਖ਼ࢬٙࢭሔึʕಀڌͪdਖ਼
ุجࢬணໄʘࡡۆd˜࠯ࠅ൙Пࣩ΁तࣿ׌dί
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M. B. Hooker, Legal Pluralism: An Introduction to Co- ʔࡌجʘࡡۆɨdӝ՟਷̮޴ᗫ຾᜕ணͭਖ਼ࢬא
lonial and Neo-Colonial Laws (1975) and W. Menski, ਖ਼ٰd̙ቇܓ༺Ցਖ਼ุ༟๕዆ΥʿࣩԷଢ଼ጐʘЪ
Comparative Law in a Global Context (2d ed.)(2006),
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243. ͜™ fʔཀྼਕኪ٫ۍΪϤేᝈႩމdணໄਖ਼ࢬ
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Te Weehi v. Regional Fisheries Officer, infra note 17. ਗ਼ʔ˾ڌ΢ૄ໊ʘෂ୕࿕୦੻ၾ਷࢕جܛԨπd
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S. Afr. Const., 1996 §211 (“Recognition.-(1) The institu- 12
tion, status and role of traditional leadership, according ޟЇ՟˾਷࢕جܛʘ஝ᇍήЗf
to customary law, are recognised, subject to the Consti- ν؈ӚϞீཀ˴ݴͭج᜗ӻՓ֛אࡌҷତБ
tution. (2) A traditional authority that observes a system جd׼˖ٵႩࡡИ͏ૄෂ୕஝ᇍՈϞجʘࣖɢd
of customary law may function subject to any applicable
legislation and customs, which includes amendments to, ˜ૄ໊جਹ™ఱʔঐ஗ܸͪމ๟ኽج෗kϾࡡИ
or repeal of, that legislation or those customs. (3) The
courts must apply customary law when that law is appli-
10 ˜ִ݁ᏐԱࡡИ͏ૄจᗴd͉εʩe̻ഃeయࠠʘ
cable, subject to the Constitution and any legislation that
specifically deals with customary law.”), and T.W. Ben- ၚग़dڭღࡡИ͏ૄʘ̻ഃήЗʿІ˴೯࢝dྼБ
nett, Legal Pluralism and the Family in South Africa: ࡡИ͏ૄІطiՉ޴ᗫԫධd̤˸جܛ֛ʘ™f
11 ؍ɧʩd”ࡡИ͏ૄਖ਼ุجࢬʘจ່ၾ͊Ը࢝ૐ•d
Lessons from Customary Law Reform, 25 Emory Int’l L.
Rev. 1029, 1035 (2011). ࡡ઺ޢ‘dୋ 53 ಂd2013 ϋ 10 ˜໮dࠫ 11f
12 Νɪൗf