Page 21 - 臺灣原住民族法學期刊第一卷第一期

ࡡИ͏ૄෂ୕ჯਹᛆʘᆽႩj੽̋ࣅɽ௰৷ج৫ Tsilhqot’in ࣩ̈೯ 19

཯б˜ެ࢕܁Ԋ™€Royal Proclamation, 1763dϤ ɚeTsilhqot’inٙేဂ
܁Ԋމᆄݲಟ͏٫d੻˸ί̏ߕࡡИ͏ૄჯਹʫ
ˊኤd౤̈ə޴ᗫ๟ۆdϾһࠠࠅٙ݊dԱኽ༈ Աኽ̋ࣅɽ1982ϋኮ݁جࣩʘ஝֛d̋ࣅɽ
ࡡИ͏ૄ̍ўIndianeInuit˸ʿMétis fՉʕʔ᙮
9
܁Ԋdఐطɧ˰̙˸՟੻̏ߕɺήٙהϞᛆf್
׵InuitʿMétisʘࡡИ͏ૄɦ၈މ˜First Nation™
Ԋdެ࢕܁Ԋ͵੶ሜdࡡИ͏ૄෂ୕ჯਹʥ̙ᘱ
€ୋɓ͏ૄdଡ଼ϓə˜Assembly of First Nations™
6
ᚃπίdৰڢΪމૢߒϾ׳૝€ceded by treatyf
€ୋɓ͏ૄᙄึdͦۃ΍Ϟ634ࡈႩ̙ٙଡ଼ᔌd
͟Ϥ̙Ԉdߵ਷ެ܃ᒱڷீཀᖦࠈૢߒٙ˙ό՟
੻ࡡИ͏ૄɺήdШՉഃᖦࠈʘૢߒ݊щΥଣe ߒϞ̒ᅰѩЗίτɽଫ޲€Ontarioʿߵ᙮ࡩࡐˢ
ԭ޲€British Columbiadᔊ၈B.C.dʕ˖ᔕᙇϞ
ʮ̻dʑ݊ॆ͍ٙਪᕚהίfҢࡁ̙˸ซԈd
၈ߵ᙮ࡩࡐˢԭdϞ၈ʔΐᗵࡩࡐˢԭd͵Ϟ၈
຅ࣛ̏ߕࡡИ͏ૄ࿁ߵ਷جܛٙଣ༆ʿႩٝd̀
10
՚་d͉˖˸ɨ၈ߵ᙮ࡩࡐˢԭdϾTsilhqot’in
್ၾߵ਷ˮ܃ʘගπίࠠɽٙᒿ๖fΪϤdࡡИ
уڷЗ׵ߵ᙮ࡩࡐˢԭ޲ٙୋɓ͏ૄfᏐ̋˸Ⴍ
͏ૄίʔᐝ༆ૢߒʫ࢙הܔͭٙᛆл່ਕٙઋҖ
ɨdҖϓə˜Іᗴ׳૝ІҢ˴ᛆϾЅ؂׵ߵ਷ಟ ׼ٙ݊dΪމIndianɓ൚̙ঐ੭Ϟ؜ൖٙจբd
1970ϋʘܝd஼န˸˜First Nation™՟˾ʘdШ
͏˴ᛆ™ٙ፹Ⴌଣ༆dɰఱʔ˿ɛจ̮ə f
7
11
݊First Nationɓ൚Ԩೌجܛɪ່֛ٙ f
Չϣdߘ೯ତଣሞ™ၾ˜ೌ˴ήࡡۆ™௅
Tsilhqot’in௅ໝЗ׵ߵ᙮ࡩࡐˢԭ޲d݊˸
ʱd̙˸ீཀ1823ϋJohnson v. M’intosh ɓࣩ̋
8
ޕᓳၾဝᐏމ͛ٙ̒ದى͏ૄ€semi-nomadicf
˸Ⴍ׼f͉ࣩࡡѓJohnson׵1775ϋ͟Ιήτɛ
Piankeshawஈաᜫ՟੻ɓഅɺήdJohnsonڌͪՉ 1860ϋ˾ٙଇږᆠᆓd஢εᆄݲɛԸՑߵ᙮ࡩࡐ
ˢԭ޲dϾމəආɝږᘤᘤਜd຅ࣛɓЗ݁ط
ኹϞɺήʘהϞᛆfϾ஗ѓM’intoshۆҤᚗ၈d
ɛيdΝࣛɰ݊Ъ࢕eਠɛʿ᚛༩ܔி٫Alfred
Չڷί1818ϋ੽ߕ਷ִ݁աᜫ՟੻Νɓഅɺήd
WaddingtondࡇᙄකணɓૢஷཀTsilhqot’inჯਹ
຅್՟੻༈അɺήٙהϞᛆfͺлፕψή˙ج৫
Ց༺ᘤਜٙ༸༩ f1862ϋdߵ᙮ࡩࡐˢԭήਜٙ
12
кӔႩމɺήהϞᛆᏐᓥ஗ѓM’intoshהϞdࡡ
ѓʔ؂౤ৎɪൡd௰ܝߕ਷௰৷ج৫ʥၪܵɓᄲ ஢εࡡИ͏ૄ௅ໝdᖑ೯˂ڀݴБषdఱίΝɓ
ϋdWaddingtonක֐༷Ⴍ΢˙dҎૐ̙˸ᚠܔɓ
ʘкӔdႩމɺήהϞᛆᓥ஗ѓהϞfϾߕ਷௰
ૢ߈൳Tsilhqot’inჯਹdԑԶ৵ԓஷБٙ༸༩d
৷ج৫ɽج֜John Marshallί͉ࣩуႩމdߕ਷
ܝԸ຾ཀ຅ࣛɺήʿ௶ʈ։ࡰึٙΝจϾක֐ܔ
ִ݁࿁ᔷᜫഗ஗ѓM’intoshʘӻنɺήኹϞર˼
ிfࡌܔ༸༩ʈ೻ආБՑ1864ϋࣛdආɝTsilh-
ᛆл€exclusive rightd˲ΙήτɛPiankeshaw̥
݊̕Ϟ€occupancy༈അɺήdՉᔷᜫഗࡡѓʘ qot’inʘჯਹdШ݊຅ࣛԨ͊՟੻௅ໝٙΝจd
ᕐ˙ପ͛əᅮ࿁ٙͭఙdՉʕɓΤࡌጘʈɛ۾
ܝdࡡѓ຅್ೌج՟੻ɺήהϞᛆfɽج֜John
উTsilhqot’inν؈ʔΝจࡌܔ༸༩d̙ঐᖑ೯̤
Marshallί༈ࣩʕ౤̈ʘجܛจԈࣣуႩމdߕ
ɓϣ˂ڀݴБषfෛܝᕐ˙ɦ೯͛һεٙ࿁ͭԫ
਷ִ݁࿁׵ɺήٙഒ࿁ᛆлdԸІ׵ߵ਷ִ݁d
΁dTsilhqot’inԨίІʉٙჯਹʫ೥̈ޢᇞdʔ
Ͼߵ਷ִ݁ٙഒ࿁ᛆлԸІ׵˜೯ତଣሞ™d͵
уd˜˖׼™਷࢕€ߵ਷࿁Չה˜೯ତ™ٙ˜ೌ ࡘ༸༩ஷཀ௅ໝɺήf1864ϋ4˜dίTsilhqot’in
˴ή™ኹϞર˼ٙᛆлf͟Ϥ̙Ԉd˜೯ତଣሞ™
ၾ˜ೌ˴ήࡡۆ™ே݊ಟ͏਷࢕͜˸༹БՉಟ͏ 9 “In this Act, “aboriginal peoples of Canada” includes
݁ഄʘʈՈdᜑԈՉׁଫࡡИ͏ૄϘʊίෂ୕ჯ the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.”. Consti-
tution Acts, 1867 to 1982 §§35(2) (Can.), available at
ਹ͛ݺʘԫྼdՉʔΥଣʘஈdೌੱᔯԊf http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/CONST/page-16.htm-
l#h-52 (last visited Mar. 23, 2016).
10
See Assembly of First Nation, Description of AFN,
6
See Borrows, John. Wampum at Niagara: The Royal http://www.afn.ca/en/about-afn/description-of-the-afn
Proclamation, Canadian Legal History, and Self-Gov- (last visited, Mar. 23 2016).
ernment, in Aboriginal and Treaty Rights in Canada: Es- 11 See Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada,
says on Law, Equality, and Respect for Difference 155, First Nations, http://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/
155-72 (Michael Asch ed., 1998). 1100100013791/1100100013795 (last visited Mar. 23,
7 ᇹқਃ€2008d”̋ࣅɽجՓʕٙࡡИ͏ૄɺή 2016).
ᛆࣸ•d݄͍ቜeᑽ߰ᚆഃᇜd̋ࣅɽࡡИ͏ૄ 12 See W. Kaye Lamb, WADDINGTON, ALFRED PEN-
ٙɺήᛆྼስ‘dࠫ 103-104dڀᇳj਷ͭ؇ശɽኪ DERELL, in 10 Dictionary of Canadian Biography,
ࡡИ͏͏ૄኪ৫f available at http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/wadding-
8
Johnson v. M’intosh, 21 U.S. 543, 8 Wheat. 543, 5 L.Ed. ton_alfred_penderell_10E.html (last visited Mar. 24,
681 (1823). 2016).