Page 69 - 臺灣原住民族法學期刊第一卷第六期
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原住民族集體權初探─以文化權為核心 11
確認人人有權:(a)參加文化生活;(b)享受科學進步及其應用之惠;(c)對其本人之任何科學、文學或藝
術作品所獲得之精神與物質利益,享受保護之惠。(II)本公約締約國為求充分實現此種權利而採取之步
驟,應包括保存、發揚及傳播科學與文化所必要之辦法。(III)本公約締約國承允尊重科學研究及創作活
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動所不可缺少之自由。(IV)本公約締約國確認鼓勵及發展科學文化方面國際接觸與合作之利。」 綜
此,文化權的內涵應包括「參與文化生活之權利」,「享受科學進步及其應用所產生利益之權利」,
「對其本人的任何科學、文學或藝術作品所產生人格上及物質上利益,享受被保護的權利」以及「就科
學研究及創造活動所不可或缺的自由」 45,46 。
相較於其次三項,「參與文化生活之權利」凸顯了權利主體之主動積極性;分析文化權下參與文化
生活之權利,可知其內容包含了個人或群體的自我決定與自我實現、文化表現自由與傳播自由、以及要
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求參與文化決策的權利 。
透過前述國際公約規範權利主體「人人(everyone)」之文義解釋,涉及文化權係屬個人權或集體權
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之認定。根據牛津線上字典,everyone係「每一個人(each person)」 ;劍橋線上英文字典則指出every-
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one 可用於意指「特定團體中的所有人(all the people in a particular group)或所有人(all people)」 。
Article 27.
(1) everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and
to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.
(2) everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific,
literary or artistic production of which he is the author.
44 中譯文摘自司法院網站,http://jirs.judicial.gov.tw/FLAW/FLAWDAT01.asp? lsid=FL017743 (2018.06.09
最後造訪)。
Article 15
1. The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone: (a) To take part in cultural
life; (b) To enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and its applications; (c) To benefit from the protection
of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which
he is the author.
2. The steps to be taken by the States Parties to the present Covenant to achieve the full realization of this
right shall include those necessary for the conservation, the development and the diffusion of science
and culture.
3. The States Parties to the present Covenant undertake to respect the freedom indispensable for scientific
research and creative activity.
4. The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the benefits to be derived from the encouragement
and development of international contacts and co-operation in the scientific and cultural fields.
45 徐揮彥,前揭註 39,頁 467。
46 關於文化權的實體內涵,學者有透過整理歐洲人權法院之判決,歸納為藝術表達自由、近用文化、文化認同
之權利、語言權、受教育權、探詢歷史真相之權利、學術自由、保護文化暨自然遺產等權利,參考,許炳
華,前揭註 39,頁 42-74。
47 詳細討論可參考,徐揮彥,前揭註 39,頁 468-472。
48 https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/everyone(2018.6.20 最後造訪)。
49 https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/everyone(2018.6.20 最後造訪)。
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