Page 133 - 第一屆原住民族傳統習慣規範與國家法制研討會論文集

Sec.33. 宗教、文化場所與儀式之權利

原住民族文化社群/原住民族有權展現、實踐、發展與教育其精神與宗教傳統、習俗與儀
式；有權維持、保護與近用其宗教與文化場所；有權使用與控管儀式物品；以及有權返
回遺體。因此，國家應採取有效措施，與原住民族文化社群/原住民族合作確保原住民族
之神聖地區，包括墓地，受到保存、尊重與保護。

為達此目的，下述行為視為非法：
a. 在未經原住民族文化社群/原住民族社群自由且事前告知之同意的情況下，為取得有
文化價值之物品，探勘、開墾或挖掘其考古遺址；
b. 毀損、移動或以其它方式摧毀對原住民族文化社群/原住民族保存其文化遺產極為重
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要之製品 。
Sec. 35. 生物與基因資源之使用：
對於生物與基因資源以及與原住民族知識相關之資源保育、資源利用與資源提升之使
用，只有在取得相關社群事前告知後同意，並符合習慣法之情形下，才得於 ICCs/Ips 之
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傳統土地與領域中實施 。

b.事前告知後同意程序之實施方式
事前告知後同意之實施方式規定於「IPRA 實施規則與條例」中。根據該規定，設

立事前告知後同意機制之目的，為保護原住民族在傳統領域、遷居及文化整合上之權利
71 。若一特定計畫欲於原住民族之傳統領域上進行，且該計畫內容為需履踐事前告知後
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同意程序方得實施之活動，即必須符合事前告知後同意之程序與法定要件 。最後需由

69 Id., Sec. 33. Rights to Religious, Cultural Sites and Ceremonies: ‖ICCs/IPs shall have the right to manifest,
practice, develop and teach their spiritual and religious traditions, customs and ceremonies; the right to
maintain, protect and have access to their religious and cultural sites; the right to use and control of ceremonial
objects; and, the right to the repatriation of human remains. Accordingly, the State shall take effective
measures, in cooperation with the ICCs/IPs concerned to ensure that indigenous sacred places, including burial
sites, be preserved, respected and protected.
To achieve this purpose, it shall be unlawful to: a) Explore, excavate or make diggings on archeological sites
of the ICCs/IPs for the purpose of obtaining materials of cultural values without the free and prior informed
consent of the community concerned;
and b) Deface, remove or otherwise destroy artifacts which are of great importance to the ICCs/IPs for the
preservation of their cultural heritage.‖
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Id., Sec. 35. Access to Biological and Genetic Resources: ―Access to biological and genetic resources and to
indigenous knowledge related to the conservation, utilization and enhancement of these resources, shall be
allowed within ancestral lands and domains of the ICCs/IPs only with a free and prior informed consent of
such communities, obtained in accordance with customary laws of the concerned community.‖
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The Rules and Regulations Implementing IPRA, Rule IV, Part III. Section 3. Free and Prior Informed Consent:
―The ICCs/IPs shall, within their communities, determine for themselves policies, development programs,
projects and plans to meet their identified priority needs and concerns. The ICCs/IPs shall have the right to
accept or reject a certain development intervention in their particular communities.
The acceptance or rejection of proposed policy, program, project or plan shall be assessed in accordance with
the following IPs development framework and value systems for the conservation and protection of:
a) Ancestral domains/lands as the ICCs/IPs’ fundamental source of life;
b) Traditional support system of kinship, friendship, neighborhood clusters, tribal and inter-tribal relationships
rooted in cooperation, sharing and caring;
c) Sustainable and traditional agricultural cycles, community life, village economy and livelihood activities
such as swidden farming, communal forests, hunting grounds, watersheds, irrigation systems and other
indigenous management systems and practices; and
d) Houses, properties, sacred and burial grounds. ―
72 The Rules and Regulations Implementing IPRA, Rule IV, Part III. Section 5.
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